In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. The military territory was divided into three U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. phonetics. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Discrimination: Although the constitution provides for gender equality, aspects of the law and traditional social practices discriminated against women. Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European )$471.223 billion (2020 est. They were Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. Employment: The government does not formally allow refugee employment; however, many worked in the informal market and were at risk of labor exploitation due to their lack of legal status in the country. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. Notably, terrorists killed seven soldiers in an ambush on July 30 in Skikda. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. NGOs reported that the government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to NGOs without official authorization. Security services prevented the meeting from taking place in the absence of an official authorization. The attendees moved their meetings elsewhere and were followed by police who ordered them to disperse. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. $41.776 billion (2021 est. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. These shelters assisted with approximately 220 cases of violence against women during the year. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. After the most recent If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. Individuals may appeal adverse decisions to international human rights bodies, but their decisions would not have the force of law. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. The resulting division was as shown below. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. At the beginning of the 20th century, Algeria was a French colony. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. With independence, Arabic was The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. Since then, it has re-organized twice. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. 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